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{"id":4260,"date":"2019-10-22T16:00:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T19:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/?p=4260"},"modified":"2020-10-20T01:24:12","modified_gmt":"2020-10-20T04:24:12","slug":"como-seu-jantar-chega-ate-voce-ou-uma-visao-feminista-da-economia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/trabalho\/como-seu-jantar-chega-ate-voce-ou-uma-visao-feminista-da-economia\/","title":{"rendered":"Como seu jantar chega at\u00e9 voc\u00ea ou uma vis\u00e3o feminista da economia"},"content":{"rendered":"\nA quest\u00e3o de como nosso jantar \u00e9 servido todas as noites \u00e9 fundamental para a economia, pois descortina uma s\u00e9rie de rela\u00e7\u00f5es e interesses que mant\u00eam o mercado funcionando. Adam Smith, considerado o pai da economia pol\u00edtica, escreveu em 1776 que \u201cn\u00e3o \u00e9 da benevol\u00eancia do a\u00e7ougueiro, do cervejeiro, ou do padeiro que esperamos nosso jantar, mas da considera\u00e7\u00e3o que eles t\u00eam pelos pr\u00f3prios interesses\u201d (p. 18)1<\/sup>. <\/p>\n\n\n\nTais palavras transformaram radicalmente o que hoje entendemos como economia. A ideia de que cada agente s\u00f3 \u00e9 acionado pelo interesse pessoal foi repetida por in\u00fameros economistas e \u00e9 a base da economia moderna. S\u00f3 que tem um pequeno detalhe que Adam Smith esqueceu de colocar nessa l\u00f3gica e que somente em 2017 uma mulher, a jornalista sueca Katrine Mar\u00e7al, ousou perguntar: quem cozinha o bife? (Tamb\u00e9m podemos questionar que o jantar a ser servido seja um bife, mas isso \u00e9 papo pra outro texto).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O pai da economia nunca se casou e viveu com sua m\u00e3e pela maior parte da vida. Al\u00e9m disso, era uma prima cuidava de suas finan\u00e7as! Ou seja, enquanto ele se concentrava para escrever \u201cA riqueza das na\u00e7\u00f5es\u201d, sua m\u00e3e passava pano no ch\u00e3o enquanto cozinhava batatas e deixava suas roupas de molho. Do mesmo modo, Mar\u00e7al nos lembra que \u201cpara que o a\u00e7ougueiro, o padeiro e o cervejeiro pudessem ir trabalhar, na \u00e9poca em que Adam Smith estava escrevendo, suas esposas, m\u00e3es ou irm\u00e3s tinham de passar horas e horas, dia ap\u00f3s dia cuidando das crian\u00e7as, limpando a casa, cozinhando, lavando roupa, enxugando l\u00e1grimas e brigando com os vizinhos. N\u00e3o importa como encaramos o mercado, ele sempre \u00e9 constru\u00eddo sobre outra economia. Uma economia que raramente debatemos\u201d (p. 25). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mas qual \u00e9 a hist\u00f3ria que gostamos de contar pra n\u00f3s mesm@s sobre as mulheres e o mercado de trabalho? Que elas entraram no mercado de trabalho durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, enquanto os homens estavam no front de batalha, ou ent\u00e3o que elas fizeram isso em massa nos anos 1960 com a onda de libera\u00e7\u00e3o feminina. Ser\u00e1 mesmo que a hist\u00f3ria foi essa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A grande verdade, conforme aponta Katrine, \u00e9 que as mulheres sempre trabalharam. E esse trabalho, pela maior parte do tempo, n\u00e3o foi remunerado, muito menos reconhecido. Afinal, \u201catividades como criar filhos, limpar, lavar e passar roupas para a fam\u00edlia n\u00e3o criam bens tang\u00edveis que possam ser comprados, trocados ou vendidos. Portanto, tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o contribuem para a prosperidade, pensavam os economistas do s\u00e9culo XIX\u201d (p. 38).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Por outro lado, \u201cos frutos do trabalho masculino podiam ser armazenados em pilhas e medidos em dinheiro. Os resultados do trabalho feminino eram intang\u00edveis. Poeira varrida que \u00e9 varrida se acumula de novo. Bocas que foram alimentadas ficam bom fome. Crian\u00e7as que dormem acordam. [\u2026] O trabalho dom\u00e9stico \u00e9 c\u00edclico por natureza. Portanto, o trabalho da mulher n\u00e3o era uma \u201catividade econ\u00f4mica\u201d (p. 38). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Queria poder dizer que em 2019 essa discuss\u00e3o est\u00e1 superada, que as mulheres t\u00eam suas atividades reconhecidas e remuneradas de forma justa. S\u00f3 que n\u00e3o. A desigualdade ainda \u00e9 gigante e estamos muito longe de mudar essa realidade. No Brasil, as mulheres gastam, em m\u00e9dia, 18 horas semanais em trabalhos dom\u00e9sticos, enquanto que os homens dedicam apenas 10h2<\/sup>. A diferen\u00e7a salarial entre homens e mulheres permanece significativa, com as mulheres, na m\u00e9dia para todos os tipos de trabalho, ganhando R$1764 e os homens, R$2306.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nE o que podemos fazer pra diminuir essas desigualdades? Que tal se os homens, mais e mais, preparassem o jantar deles e de suas fam\u00edlias? Lembrando que para isso, \u00e9 preciso planejar o que comer, ir \u00e0 feira, pagar, levar pra casa, lavar, picar, cozinhar, servir, para depois lavar a lou\u00e7a e come\u00e7ar tudo de novo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lembrando que o 5o objetivo de desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel da ONU trata da igualdade de g\u00eanero e envolve, entre outras coisas, “reconhecer e valorizar o trabalho de assist\u00eancia e dom\u00e9stico n\u00e3o remunerado, por meio da disponibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos, infraestrutura e pol\u00edticas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o social, bem como a promo\u00e7\u00e3o da responsabilidade compartilhada dentro do lar e da fam\u00edlia, conforme os contextos nacionais\u201d3<\/sup>. <\/p>\n\n\n\nRefer\u00eancias<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1<\/sup> MAR\u00c7AL, Katrine. O lado invis\u00edvel da economia<\/strong>: uma vis\u00e3o feminista. S\u00e3o Paulo: Ala\u00fade Editorial, 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n2<\/sup> INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTAT\u00cdSTICA. Estat\u00edsticas de g\u00eanero: indicadores sociais das mulheres no Brasil<\/strong>. Dispon\u00edvel em: <https:\/\/biblioteca.ibge.gov.br\/visualizacao\/livros\/liv101551_informativo.pdf<\/a>>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2019. 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3<\/sup> ORGANIZA\u00c7\u00c3O DAS NA\u00c7\u00d5ES UNIDAS BRASIL. Objetivo 5<\/strong>: Alcan\u00e7ar a igualdade de g\u00eanero e empoderar todas as mulheres e meninas. Dispon\u00edvel em:<https:\/\/nacoesunidas.org\/pos2015\/ods5\/<\/a>>. Acesso em: 16 abr. 2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A quest\u00e3o de como nosso jantar \u00e9 servido todas as noites \u00e9 fundamental para a economia, pois descortina uma s\u00e9rie de rela\u00e7\u00f5es e interesses que mant\u00eam o mercado funcionando. Adam Smith, considerado o pai da economia pol\u00edtica, escreveu em 1776 que \u201cn\u00e3o \u00e9 da benevol\u00eancia do a\u00e7ougueiro, do cervejeiro, ou do padeiro que esperamos nosso […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[225],"tags":[62,95],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4260"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4260"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6607,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4260\/revisions\/6607"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}