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{"id":4089,"date":"2019-06-21T08:00:27","date_gmt":"2019-06-21T11:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/?p=4089"},"modified":"2020-10-20T03:01:49","modified_gmt":"2020-10-20T06:01:49","slug":"quando-me-descobri-racista%c2%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/feminismo\/quando-me-descobri-racista%c2%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"Quando me descobri racista\u00b9"},"content":{"rendered":"J\u00e1 tem alguns anos que venho estudando o movimento feminista e promovendo mudan\u00e7as importantes na minha vida. Um dos livros mais impactantes que li sobre o assunto \u00e9 o Why I am not a feminist<\/em>, de Jesse Crispin. \u00c9 uma daquelas leituras que embrulha o est\u00f4mago a cada p\u00e1gina, porque levanta verdades inconvenientes e necess\u00e1rias. Jessa fala que de nada adianta eu ser uma mulher livre sexualmente, empoderada, etc., se tudo isso vem a partir da opress\u00e3o de outras mulheres. Em outras palavras, enquanto uma mulher estiver submetida ao patriarcado, todas estaremos. Ela fala ainda que o feminismo \u00e9 pra incomodar, pra tirar a gente da zona de conforto – por isso ela critica tanto esse feminismo soft<\/em>, que, independente do que uma mulher fa\u00e7a, ela \u00e9 feminista. \u00c9 preciso olhar al\u00e9m do pr\u00f3prio umbigo.<\/p>\nDurante o doutorado, estudei p\u00f3s-colonialismo – a ideia da abordagem \u00e9 entender o legado de colonialismo e da escravid\u00e3o no mundo de hoje, no meu caso, os reflex\u00f5es destes acontecimentos hist\u00f3ricos na pr\u00e1tica das empresas. Estudei durante anos os pormenores da “expans\u00e3o” colonial e toda a viol\u00eancia, roubo e opress\u00e3o associados ao processo. Entendi como mecanismos complexos criaram ideologias racistas em que a ra\u00e7a branca foi constru\u00edda como superior e considerada digna de \u201ccivilizar\u201d as ra\u00e7as inferiores do mundo. Ent\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 nenhuma novidade pra mim que o racismo \u00e9 uma praga global e um fen\u00f4meno estrutural.<\/p>\n
Na medida em que estudava feminismo, fui entendendo o quanto as mulheres – ou seja, metade da popula\u00e7\u00e3o mundial – v\u00eam sendo oprimidas, violentadas e mortas, dia ap\u00f3s dia. E o sentimento que vinha era o de raiva, que aos poucos foi se transformando em combust\u00edvel para modificar essa realidade.<\/p>\n
S\u00f3 que eu n\u00e3o estava preparada para me ver como opressora. Foi a\u00ed que comecei a estudar feminismo negro\u2026 Foi como se uma bomba tivesse ca\u00eddo sobre minha cabe\u00e7a!<\/strong><\/p>\nUma das primeiras intelectuais negras com quem tive contato foi Angela Davis, fil\u00f3sofa e ativista estaduniense\u00b2. O que fui percebendo \u00e9 que, dentro do feminismo, existem mulheres e mulheres, e que suas pautas nem sempre s\u00e3o as mesmas.<\/p>\n
No in\u00edcio do movimento feminista, as mulheres negras sempre estiveram presentes, mas muitas vezes n\u00e3o eram ouvidas pelas mulheres brancas. Havia, inclusive, \u201cd\u00favida\u201d, por parte destas, se as mulheres negras deveriam ter acesso ao voto nos Estados Unidos. Enquanto mulheres brancas de classe m\u00e9dia tentavam se desvencilhar de estere\u00f3tipos da m\u00e3e e esposa perfeita e buscavam espa\u00e7o no mercado de trabalho, as mulheres negras sempre trabalharam – seja como escravas ou, ap\u00f3s a aboli\u00e7\u00e3o, em fun\u00e7\u00f5es precarizadas, com p\u00e9ssimas condi\u00e7\u00f5es e com poucos ou nenhum direito trabalhista. Comumente eram as mulheres negras que limpavam as casas e cuidavam das crian\u00e7as das mulheres brancas. Ent\u00e3o como falar de igualdade de direitos para as mulheres se uma quest\u00e3o central – classe – atravessava o movimento feminista?<\/p>\n
As mulheres brancas que participavam dos movimentos feministas tinham dificuldades em reconhecer a opress\u00e3o de suas pr\u00f3prias empregadas. No livro Mulheres, ra\u00e7a e classe, Davis cita um artigo de 1902 intitulado \u201cJornada de nove horas di\u00e1rias para servi\u00e7ais dom\u00e9sticas\u201d (p. 104) e mostra a seguinte conversa:<\/p>\n
\u201cAs mo\u00e7as [balconistas]\u201d, ela disse, \u201ct\u00eam de ficar de p\u00e9 dez horas por dia, e me d\u00f3i o cora\u00e7\u00e3o ver o cansa\u00e7o no rosto delas.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cSra. Jones\u201d, eu disse, \u201cquantas horas por dia sua empregada fica de p\u00e9?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cPor que? Eu n\u00e3o sei\u201d, ela ofegou, \u201ccinco ou seis, creio eu\u201d.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cA que horas ela se levanta?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201c\u00c0s seis.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cE a que horas ela termina o trabalho, \u00e0 noite?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cPor volta das oito, acho, normalmente.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cS\u00e3o catorze horas\u2026\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cEla pode se sentar durante o trabalho.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cDurante qual trabalho? Lavando? Passando? Varrendo? Arrumando as camas? Cozinhando? Lavando a lou\u00e7a? [\u2026] Talvez ela se sente por duas horas, nas refei\u00e7\u00f5es e quando prepara os vegetais, e quatro dias por semana ela tem uma hora livre \u00e0 tarde. Sendo assim, sua empregada fica de p\u00e9 pelo menos onze horas por dia, incluindo o agravante de ter de subir escadas. O caso dela me parece mais digno de compaix\u00e3o do que o da balconista da loja.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\nMinha visitante se levantou, corada e com fa\u00edscas nos olhos. \u201cMinha empregada sempre tem livres os domingos depois do jantar\u201d, ela disse.<\/em><\/p>\n\u201cSim, mas a balconista tem todo o domingo livre.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\nFoi mais ou menos como a Sra. Jones que eu me senti quando me dei conta de que s\u00f3 tive condi\u00e7\u00f5es de criar o Fala Frida porque havia uma mulher negra limpando minha privada e outras tantas mulheres de classe mais baixa do que a minha cuidando do meu filho na escola. E a\u00ed, como digerir esse inc\u00f4modo? J\u00e1 dizia Crispin que o feminismo vem pra incomodar, pra questionar nossos privil\u00e9gios.<\/p>\n
A grande quest\u00e3o \u00e9 que se n\u00e3o fizermos um trabalho intenso de pesquisa, leitura e questionamento das \u201cverdades\u201d que conhecemos, dificilmente conseguiremos reconhecer o processo hist\u00f3rico de constru\u00e7\u00e3o da ra\u00e7a branca como superior a qualquer outra, seremos muito provavelmente racistas – pelo simples fato de que a sociedade \u00e9 racista, seja ela a brasileira, a estaduniense ou a nigeriana.<\/strong><\/p>\nE essa diferen\u00e7a de pautas feministas para mulheres brancas e negras permanece absurdamente atual nos dias de hoje. Exemplo disso \u00e9 o fato de muitas mulheres brancas estarem desconstruindo um padr\u00e3o de beleza e diminu\u00edrem o uso de cosm\u00e9ticos e rituais de maquiagem, enquanto que produtos de beleza para mulheres negras s\u00e3o uma novidade recente no mercado – at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o era como se elas n\u00e3o existissem (vale lembrar que as mulheres negras representam 25% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira, ent\u00e3o percebam a quantidade de pessoas exclu\u00eddas). Ou seja, se para mulheres brancas, \u201cempoderar-se\u201d pode significar usar menos maquiagem, para as mulheres negras, \u201cempoderar-se\u201d pode significar usar mais maquiagem.<\/p>\n
E voc\u00ea, j\u00e1 parou pra pensar no quanto \u00e9 racista?<\/p>\n
1<\/sup> O t\u00edtulo deste texto faz refer\u00eancia ao livro \u201cQuando me descobri negra\u201d, de Bianca Santana, que relata ter trinta anos, mas ser negra h\u00e1 apenas dez.<\/p>\n\u00b2 Voc\u00ea j\u00e1 parou pra pensar que as pessoas que moram nos Estados Unidos clamam para si o t\u00edtulo de \u201camericanos\u201d e que os presidentes costumam dizer, no fim de seus discursos \u201cDeus aben\u00e7oe a Am\u00e9rica\u201d? Certamente essa ben\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o inclui M\u00e9xico nem Honduras, que tamb\u00e9m ficam na Am\u00e9rica. Ali\u00e1s, eu, que nasci no Brasil, tamb\u00e9m sou americana, afinal, o Brasil fica na Am\u00e9rica, certo? Am\u00e9rica do Sul. Chamar quem nasceu nos EUA de norte-americanos estaria um pouco mais correto, mas os canadenses tamb\u00e9m o s\u00e3o. Todo esse jogo de palavras \u00e9 uma salada muito bem orquestrada por um processo de coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Unidos (tamb\u00e9m conhecido como imperialismo americano) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao resto do continente americano. Por conta isso, prefiro utilizar a palavra estaduniense, que refere-se a quem nasceu, de fato, nos Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
J\u00e1 tem alguns anos que venho estudando o movimento feminista e promovendo mudan\u00e7as importantes na minha vida. Um dos livros mais impactantes que li sobre o assunto \u00e9 o Why I am not a feminist, de Jesse Crispin. \u00c9 uma daquelas leituras que embrulha o est\u00f4mago a cada p\u00e1gina, porque levanta verdades inconvenientes e necess\u00e1rias. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[206],"tags":[62,141],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4089"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4089"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4091,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4089\/revisions\/4091"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}