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{"id":3924,"date":"2019-05-17T08:00:43","date_gmt":"2019-05-17T11:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/?p=3924"},"modified":"2020-12-10T12:54:38","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T15:54:38","slug":"violencia-contra-quem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/opiniao\/violencia-contra-quem\/","title":{"rendered":"Viol\u00eancia contra quem?"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
\r\n

Depois da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o da Marcha das Vadias de S\u00e3o Paulo, circulou pelas redes sociais um teste distribu\u00eddo na ocasi\u00e3o, a fim de verificar o risco de a pessoa ser uma v\u00edtima de maus-tratos, sejam f\u00edsicos ou emocionais. S\u00e3o 19 perguntas que abrangem especialmente a viol\u00eancia psicol\u00f3gica (\u201cEle ri em privado ou em p\u00fablico de voc\u00ea?\u201d ou \u201cEle causa medo em voc\u00ea atrav\u00e9s de olhares, a\u00e7\u00f5es ou gestos?\u201d), mas abrange tamb\u00e9m a viol\u00eancia patrimonial (\u201cEle destr\u00f3i seus objetos, roupas, fotos, documentos, m\u00f3veis ou seus instrumentos de trabalho?\u201d). Essas formas de viol\u00eancia, al\u00e9m da sexual, moral e f\u00edsica, est\u00e3o previstas na Lei n\u00ba 11.340, conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, criada para coibir a viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica e familiar no Brasil.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

O teste, de autoria das \u201cFeministas aut\u00f4nomas pelo fim da viol\u00eancia contra a mulher\u201d, tem uma quest\u00e3o que chama a aten\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201cMaltrata (ou mata) seus animais de estima\u00e7\u00e3o?\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Com essa pergunta, as feministas trouxeram \u00e0 tona a rela\u00e7\u00e3o que pode ser estabelecida entre a viol\u00eancia cometida contra mulheres e a viol\u00eancia cometida contra animais, isto \u00e9, que existem conex\u00f5es emp\u00edricas que revelam a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre abusar de animais e abusar de mulheres. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Segundo Carol Adams, \u00e9 recorrente a amea\u00e7a ou morte de animais de estima\u00e7\u00e3o a fim de estabelecer ou manter o controle das v\u00edtimas da viol\u00eancia sexual. O pr\u00f3prio uso de animais na viol\u00eancia sexual contra mulheres e crian\u00e7as tamb\u00e9m pode ocorrer. Al\u00e9m disso, a explora\u00e7\u00e3o sexual pode influenciar o comportamento da v\u00edtima em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos animais, podendo lhes causar mal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Adams afirma que a conex\u00e3o entre abusar de mulheres e abusar de animais claramente demonstra que a somatofobia (a hostilidade ao corpo \u2013 termo que ela busca em Elizabeth Spelman) se aplica tanto \u00e0 esp\u00e9cie, quanto ao g\u00eanero, \u00e0 ra\u00e7a e \u00e0 classe. \u00c9 necess\u00e1rio, portanto, repensar as no\u00e7\u00f5es antropoc\u00eantricas sobre a objetifica\u00e7\u00e3o sexual. Para S\u00f4nia T. Felipe, a somatofobia \u00e9 \u201ca forma de viol\u00eancia que resulta no ataque ao corpo de um indiv\u00edduo vulner\u00e1vel\u201d em virtude da hostilidade do agressor em face de uma diferen\u00e7a que considera inferior naquele que sofre a agress\u00e3o.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Por isso, a viol\u00eancia institucionalizada contra animais pode ser considerada da mesma ordem da viol\u00eancia praticada contra mulheres, eis que ambos compartilham tanto o confinamento quanto a condi\u00e7\u00e3o de vulnerabilidade. Assim, tanto o racismo quanto o sexismo e o especismo t\u00eam a mesma matriz moral e cognitiva.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A maior parte da viol\u00eancia sexual contra as mulheres, as crian\u00e7as e os animais \u00e9 invis\u00edvel para a maioria das pessoas, o que impede o seu conhecimento. Al\u00e9m disso, tamb\u00e9m existe a invisibilidade do abuso cometido contra animais, culturalmente aceito, como o uso para alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, ca\u00e7a e experimenta\u00e7\u00e3o. No Brasil, a psic\u00f3loga Maria Jos\u00e9 Sales Padilha publicou os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada nos munic\u00edpios de Jaboat\u00e3o dos Guararapes, Prazeres e Recife, por meio da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de um question\u00e1rio a ser respondido por v\u00edtimas de viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica, abrangidas pela Lei n\u00ba 11.340, nas Delegacias Especializadas de Atendimento \u00e0 Mulher. Ao final, com os resultados apresentados, a pesquisadora concluiu que h\u00e1, de fato, uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre a crueldade com animais e a viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica contra a mulher, na medida em que em muitos casos os agressores agridem animais, al\u00e9m da mulher. Nesse sentido, Padilha prop\u00f5e que a viol\u00eancia, em suas diversas formas, seja tratada como de interesse p\u00fablico.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH), no \u00e2mbito da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Americanos (OEA), considerou que o Estado brasileiro violou direitos e n\u00e3o cumpriu seus deveres em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 viol\u00eancia contra a mulher, proferindo v\u00e1rias recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es ao final da den\u00fancia feita por Maria da Penha Fernandes. A partir disso, formou-se um cons\u00f3rcio que trabalhou no projeto de Lei que foi aprovado em 2006. Logo ap\u00f3s a entrada em vigor da Lei n\u00ba 11.340, os casos de viol\u00eancia diminu\u00edram. Contudo, o n\u00famero de casos voltou a subir e tem demandado pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas de combate \u00e0 viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica, a exemplo da Central de Atendimento \u00e0 Mulher \u2013 Ligue 180, servi\u00e7o disponibilizado pela Secretaria de Pol\u00edticas para as Mulheres da Presid\u00eancia da Rep\u00fablica (SPM\/PR) com o objetivo de acolher, orientar e encaminhar as mulheres que se manifestam acerca da viol\u00eancia de g\u00eanero para os servi\u00e7os da Rede de Enfrentamento \u00e0 Viol\u00eancia contra as Mulheres.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

O exemplo da Lei Maria da Penha parece demonstrar que o direito, diferenciado da moral a partir dos elementos da coa\u00e7\u00e3o e da san\u00e7\u00e3o, isto \u00e9, da sua for\u00e7a garantidora de cumprimento e da garantia do que determina uma regra, n\u00e3o \u00e9 suficiente para superar um padr\u00e3o de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o estruturante de nossa sociedade, como \u00e9 o machismo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Assim, se considerarmos que sexismo e especismo possuem a mesma matriz moral e cognitiva e que h\u00e1 conex\u00f5es emp\u00edricas entre ambos, precisamos pensar a supera\u00e7\u00e3o da viol\u00eancia contra animais para al\u00e9m da san\u00e7\u00e3o do direito penal. Desconstruir o pensamento machista que viola a integridade f\u00edsica, ps\u00edquica e moral das mulheres implica a desconstru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma viol\u00eancia associada a esse mesmo pensamento, contra os animais e a natureza. O combate a todas as formas de viol\u00eancia, seja contra humanas ou n\u00e3o-humanas, deve consider\u00e1-las em conjunto, aliando estrat\u00e9gias de preven\u00e7\u00e3o e pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas que dialoguem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1 \u2013 BRASIL. Lei n\u00ba 11.340, de 7 de agosto de 2006. Cria mecanismos para coibir a viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica e familiar contra a mulher, nos termos do \u00a7 8o do art. 226 da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal, da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a Elimina\u00e7\u00e3o de Todas as Formas de Discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o contra as Mulheres e da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Interamericana para Prevenir, Punir e Erradicar a Viol\u00eancia contra a Mulher; disp\u00f5e sobre a cria\u00e7\u00e3o dos Juizados de Viol\u00eancia Dom\u00e9stica e Familiar contra a Mulher; altera o C\u00f3digo de Processo Penal, o C\u00f3digo Penal e a Lei de Execu\u00e7\u00e3o Penal; e d\u00e1 outras provid\u00eancias. Dispon\u00edvel em <http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2004-2006\/2006\/lei\/l11340.htm> Acesso em 24 ago 2014.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2 \u2013 ADAMS, Carol. Neither Man nor Beast: Feminism and the Defense of Animals. New York: Continuum, 1995, p. 146.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

3 \u2013 ADAMS, Carol. Neither Man nor Beast: Feminism and the Defense of Animals, p. 152.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

4 \u2013 FELIPE, S\u00f4nia T. Somatofobia I: viol\u00eancia contra animais humanos e n\u00e3o-humanos. As vozes dissidentes na \u00e9tica antiga. Pensata Animal. V. 1, n. 2, jun. 2007. Dispon\u00edvel em: <http:\/\/www.pensataanimal.net\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=118:somatofobiai&catid=38:soniatfelipe&Itemid=1><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

5 \u2013 ADAMS, Carol. Neither Man nor Beast: Feminism and the Defense of Animals, p. 154.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

6 \u2013 PADILHA, Maria Jos\u00e9 Sales. Crueldade com animais x viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica contra mulheres: Uma conex\u00e3o real. Recife: Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Antonio dos Santos Abranches, 2011, p.54.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Este texto foi publicado originalmente no dia 20 de outubro de 2014 no site Anda<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O teste, de autoria das \u201cFeministas aut\u00f4nomas pelo fim da viol\u00eancia contra a mulher\u201d, tem uma quest\u00e3o que chama a aten\u00e7\u00e3o: \u201cMaltrata (ou mata) seus animais de estima\u00e7\u00e3o?\u201d Com essa pergunta, as feministas trouxeram \u00e0 tona a rela\u00e7\u00e3o que pode ser estabelecida entre a viol\u00eancia cometida contra mulheres e a viol\u00eancia cometida contra animais, isto […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":7903,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[206,125],"tags":[168,62,132],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3924"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3924"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7904,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3924\/revisions\/7904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/falafrida.com.br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}